In 1795, the last of a series of partitions effectively wiped Poland off the map of Europe. Naturally the country and its citizens didn't vanish altogether, and the so-called 'Polish question' was an ...

By this time it was very much an artifact, its contents out of date, but the map was still considered valuable. In the mid-19th century the ... magnificent reminder of Europe’s first efforts ...

Brandes considers the Polish striving for freedom as one of the important elements of the Polish national character but also an important element of 19th-century history: Everywhere in Europe where ...