This column describes a ventral abdominal approach for castration in ... Spay and castration. Vet. Clin. North Am. Exotic Anim. Prac. 3, 617–627 (2000).

Up to 90% of abdominal surgeries result in adhesions -- abnormal scarring that ties together organs and tissues. A gel has now been shown to prevented adhesions in mice and pigs. Surgical ...