Anselm now argues that God cannot exist in the understanding alone. The argument seems to proceed as follows. (1) Suppose (with the fool) that God exists in the understanding alone. (2) Given our ...

The problem that we now encounter is how to formally represent this.This is a grammatical problem as the use of dummy prepositions indicate. In Logical Form (Propositional Form) the argument <agent: ...

The antinomy of the liar, a basic obstacle to an adequate definition of truth in natural languages, reappears in formalized languages as a constructive argument showing not all true sentences can ...