Beta measures the volatility of a security or a portfolio relative to a market benchmark. Beta, represented by the Greek lowercase letter β, is also used in the formula for the weighted average ...

Risk in the Treynor ratio refers to systematic risk as measured by a portfolio's beta. Beta measures the tendency of a portfolio's return to change in response to changes in return for the overall ...

Harry Markowitz pioneered modern quantitative analysis with his introduction of Modern Portfolio Theory in the ... or underperforms a benchmark. Beta is a measurement of an investment’s ...