Gram-negative and fungal organisms Adequate drainage of the biliary tree remains the primary goal of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Microbiological analysis of bile may be ...

ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope, which is a long, flexible, lighted tube. Through the endoscope, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dyes into the ...

and the use of meticulous endoscopic techniques. The latter include atraumatic manipulation of the papilla, avoidance of pancreatic duct injection for biliary cases, avoidance of acinarization ...