On Aug. 1, under a flag of truce, Black Hawk made an attempt to surrender to the forces aboard the steamboat "Warrior." The soldiers upon the boat opened fire, killing many of his followers.

Black Hawk’s farewell speech was a far cry from the surrender speech he gave just six years before in 1832. In it he talks about the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and says, “North America had never been ...

There, Black Hawk waited for help from the other tribes. When it began to appear that the British were not going to send supplies and the other tribes were not going to join him, he decided to turn ...