In 1024, Rajendra Chola dreamt up the grandest, riskiest, campaign ever planned by a medieval Indian ruler: an attack across the seas on Kedah (in today’s Malaysia). Both Rajendra Chola and the ...

They describe a war against Kalinga (Odisha) and how, as the Chola army marched, it dried up rivers. They describe how villages were being set afire, how little flower gardens were burned ...

The Cholas were a powerful south Indian dynasty known for military conquests, grand temples and shaping global trade and culture.

At the peak or the high tide of Chola expansion in the early 11th century, they very clearly had some of the greatest military and logistical minds that could be found anywhere in South India.

internal conflicts and South Indian invasions. During the reign of King Mahinda V (982 – 1029 AC) the kingdom ended with an invasion by the Cholas. The invading Chola army landed in the north, came ...

While Rajaraja Chola’s military expeditions across the Indian Ocean are well known, Kanisetti argues that the economic and cultural impact of Tamil merchant networks was just as significant.