Water – and mud – flow downhill. This fact of nature can be an enormous problem in managing excavation and tunnelling projects. One of the best ways to stop water is to freeze it. Freezing ...

Finally, the integrated framework is applied to a subway deep excavation project, which verifies that the proposed intelligent integrated framework can accurately identify soil parameters in an ...

Excavation shoring is a science that involves complex ... and you must deviate from those limitations, no matter how deep you are working, such changes must be approved by an RPE,” says Magee.