Fear conditioning is a type of classical conditioning that involves pairing an aversive stimulus (such as an electric shock) with either a neutral context (such as a location) or stimulus (such as ...

However, that experimental design was complex, required many sessions, and had rats receive many foot shock presentations. Moreover, the findings were descriptive. Here, we gave female and male Long ...

Researchers have developed ways to manipulate neurons involved in a particular memory to make mice recall an experience or to remember something that never happened. Memory formation in mice involves ...

Fear conditioning plays a crucial role in how children learn to respond to fear. Fear conditioning, which involves ...

Medically reviewed by Kathleen Daly, MD Fear of cotton balls is also known as sidonglobophobia. Another term for the condition is bambakophobia, from the Greek bambaki, which means "cotton," ...

Reactivity in dogs—whether driven by fear, frustration, or excitement—can make everyday outings stressful. The "Look at That" ...