If the melted ice water is buoyant and upwells to shallower depths and lower pressure, it will freeze again. The cycle redistributes some ice within a shelf or shell, changing its composition and ...

For this process to take place, liquid water must exist beneath the surface of the ice, which is forced upwards through cracks and fissures in the moon's icy shell. Due to the extremely low ambient ...

"A clathrate crust insulates Titan's interior, makes the water ice shell very warm and ductile, and implies that Titan's ice shell is or was slowly convecting." And that convection means that ...

Liquid water is essential for life as we know it ... A device called a “cryobot” will transport the robots beneath the thick ice shells of these moons, using nuclear energy to melt the ...