The iron and aluminium oxides collect in the 'B' horizon where the iron oxides can accumulate to form a thin layer of hardpan, which impedes drainage through the soil. Illuviation is the process ...

The soil is worked to a depth of two spades, rather than one, and it’s essential to keep the two layers of soil (subsoil and topsoil) separate. In order to do this, the lower half of the trench ...

As the layer of fertile topsoil thins, it gets increasingly difficult to grow crops for food. Without altering agricultural practices and urgently finding ways to preserve soil, the global food ...

“Running that horizontal tillage tool created a soil density layer beneath the surface,” he says. In scientific terms, the bulk density of the tilled soil (the dry weight of soil divided by ...