In particular, mutualisms are important drivers of ecosystem structure and function. Through the facilitation of partners, mutualism allows organisms to excel in otherwise marginal habitats ...

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions. While mutualism is highly complex, it can be roughly broken down into two types of ...

Teamwork makes the dream work, even in nature. When different species work together for their mutual benefit, it is called symbiosis (or mutualism) — a process that is essential for the health of ...

These relationships, spanning the continuum from mutualism to parasitism, have profound implications across multiple fields. At the ISEE lab, we integrate bottom-up (focused on specific interactions) ...