When the ParaGard IUD was first introduced ... of acceptance and satisfaction with both copper and hormonal IUDs. Among women enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project conducted in 2011 ...

The ParaGard ... not use contraception. The absence of fertilized ova may be due to lack of fertilization, defective fertilization, or disruption of tubal motility. In addition, the intrauterine ...

An intrauterine device ... in two types—hormonal and copper IUDs—are safe and also over 99% effective, offering a reliable ...

[33] (This decrease in pregnancy rate is easily understandable because of the copper-containing IUD's action as a postcoital contraceptive ... at a time when the intrauterine environment contains ...