CALC is the principal failure mode of BHV fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium. Covalent binding of APD to residual glutaraldehyde in pericardial ...

When pericardial fluid accumulates slowly, the pericardium can expand to accommodate as much as 2 liters of fluid. However, when acute, only a small volume can increase intrapericardial pressures ...