IF we assume that the X-ray scattering of the ‘unmodified’ type observed by Prof. Compton corresponds to the normal or average state of the atoms and molecules, while the ‘modified ...

A thermometer works by detecting changes in heat. Heat causes substances to expand, change electrical properties, or emit invisible radiation—all of which can be measured and converted into a ...

The ionising effect of radiation is used in the Geiger-Muller (GM) tube as a means of detecting the radiation. The GM tube is a hollow cylinder filled with a gas at low pressure. The tube has a ...

Each body with a temperature higher than absolute zero (–273.15 °C = 0 Kelvin) releases electromagnetic radiation from the surface. This radiation is proportional to its intrinsic temperature. One ...