Relative clauses are bound clauses that modify NPs and occasionally CPs. The former are adjoined to NPs. A relative clause contains a WH-phrase which moves and is adjoined to CP: The student who likes ...

A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun. They are introduced by a relative pronoun like 'that', 'which', 'who', 'whose', 'where' and 'when'. For example ...

Generally speaking, the participial clause, starting with -ing or -ed, is more characteristic of written English, as it allows us to say the same thing as a relative clause, starting with who ...