方法：本研究共纳入 49 名 T1D 患者和 20 名健康对照者（HCs）。通过流式细胞术评估外周血中的 Th 样 Treg 亚群，包括 Th1 样、Th2 样和 Th17 样 Tregs，以及 Th 细胞亚群。分析 Treg 相关基因的单核苷酸多态性。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测炎症细胞因子水平。

Various immune pathways in the host, such as TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ, have been identified. While TH2 and TH9 responses primarily target multicellular parasites ...

In conclusion, Tim-3 was characterized as a novel immune checkpoint molecule with pathophysiological significance in respiratory oncology. Its stage-dependent expression dynamics and multimodal ...