Two-photon polymerization was first demonstrated in the 1990s — since then, a large number of research laboratories have been involved in its study. Despite the unique capabilities of 2PP and ...

While confocal microscopy uses a pinhole to reject out-of-focus light to generate the optical section, a multi-photon (or 2-photon) microscope uses a pulsed infrared laser to ... allows for direct ...

Two-photon emission is a relatively weak emission process, about five orders of magnitude weaker than the usual single-photon emission that occurs in semiconductor lasers or LEDs. So we had to use ...