Beta-blockade should be continued indefinitely. [154] Variceal band ligation has replaced sclerotherapy, as it is better tolerated with fewer side effects and is more efficacious in the secondary ...

Nonselective beta blockers or endoscopic band ligation (EVL) are recommended for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with esophageal varices. However, it has been found that ...

Carvedilol is a nonselective β-blocker that has weak vasodilating properties owing to alpha-1 blockade, and has never been tested for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. In hemodynamic ...

The optimal treatment strategy for gastric variceal hemorrhage is controversial. Both interventional radiology and endoscopic therapies require a high level of clinical expertise. Which type of ...