To date, there have been no randomized trials studying the use of different antiplatelet therapies or anticoagulation against antiplatelet therapy in known cases of extracranial vertebral artery ...

Patients with vertebrobasilar stenosis are currently being enrolled in two other randomized studies; the Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial (VAST), 8 for stenting of intracranial or extracranial ...

Vertebral-Artery Stenosis Confined to the Orifice ... anterolateral 4th-rib thoracic incision an area of thickening and calcification beginning within the aorta and extending 1.5 cm.