Edited by Anne C. Hart, Brown University, Providence, RI; received August 29, 2024; accepted December 19, 2024 by Editorial Board Member Yishi Jin ...

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Human biology is typically studied within the framework of sex (evolved, innate factors) rather than gender (sociocultural factors), despite some attention to nature/nurture interactions. Testosterone ...

Maternal exposure to high levels of the herbicide glyphosate may increase the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Maternal ...

A tumor comprising many cells can be compared to a natural population with many individuals. The amount of genetic diversity reflects how it has evolved and can influence its future evolution. We ...

Though people regularly recognize many distinct emotions, for the most part, research studies have been limited to six basic categories—happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust; the ...

A vibrant discussion of the merits and limitations of animal models is long overdue. The limitation of space precludes addressing many of the questionable approaches and statements by Takao and ...

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The PNAS editors would like to thank all the individuals who dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal by serving as reviewers and guest editors in 2023. Their generous ...

The inclination to explore across vast expanses has been a continual part of human history. In voyages across the Atlantic, or North America, one of the greatest obstacles was the availability of ...