While arsenate [As(V)] is less toxic and more easily immobilized, converting As(III) into As(V) is a critical step in detoxification efforts. Microorganisms and minerals like iron oxides are ...

The bacteria oxidize toxic arsenite [As(III)] to less harmful arsenate [As(V)], a process amplified by goethite's catalytic effects. The interaction between the bacteria and goethite promotes the ...