To describe the cervical os, it helps to first review the anatomy of the cervix. The cervix contains: You can locate the external cervical os during a simple self-exam. By inserting two (clean ...

Historically, posterior fixation and fusion have been the most popular method of internally stabilizing the cervical spine after injury. Although techniques such as wiring are effective for most ...

Therefore, surgeons using this technique require an understanding of the cervical anatomy, screw placement methods, and clinical indications. The benefits of better immediate stability justify the ...