The willingness of the 4f orbitals of lanthanide metals to participate in chemical reactions is as rare as their presence in ...

However, this hypothesis of a differing early crust composition has been called into ... behavior of other siderophile elements in the model – elements attracted to iron, such as the iron in Earth's ...

Earth's crust today has a surprisingly similar composition to the planet's first outer shell, or "protocrust," new research ...

Earth is the only known planet which has plate tectonics today. The constant movement of these giant slabs of rock over the planet's magma creates continents - and may have even helped create life.

Over 4.6 billion years ago, Earth took shape from a spinning cloud of dust and gas surrounding the young sun. Tiny particles ...

A study published in Nature on 2 April reveals that Earth's first crust, formed about 4.5 billion years ago, probably had chemical features remarkably like today’s continental crust. This ...

Researchers discover Earth's first ... km-thick continental crust when scaled to the present surface area. Under the reducing conditions of Earth’s early magma ocean, elements such as niobium ...

Plate tectonics is intimately linked to the composition of ... and the behaviour of chemical elements during this process. Our results showed Earth’s earliest crust – known as the protocrust ...

Get Instant Summarized Text (Gist) Earth's first crust, formed around 4.5 billion years ago, likely had chemical features similar to today's continental crust, suggesting that the distinctive ...

Plate tectonics is intimately linked to the composition of the ... the behaviour of chemical elements during this process. Our results showed Earth's earliest crust – known as the protocrust ...