When atoms are put together to form a three-dimensional substance, the properties of the substance are governed by how quantum clouds of electrons, the orbitals, move around and interact with each ...

The motion of the selenium atoms (red) changes the energy of the electron orbitals of the iron atoms (blue), and the resulting electron vibrations are recorded separately with a technique called ...

In enzymes, this can be achieved either by orbital overlap with a suitable transition metal ion, or by electron transfer to form an enzyme-bound reduced oxygen species. Even if the first one ...