In the early days of 2D animation, each frame was hand drawn ... Key fact Try creating a flip book. Take a sketchbook and in the bottom corner draw something on the last page first - for example ...

Each picture is slightly different than the last one so if you flip rapidly through the book you get a little animation. We like the German word, Daumenkino, which translates as “thumb cinema ...

As we celebrate cinema’s 125th birthday in 2020, the flip-book and its ancient predecessors are where images learned to move. And it is where this essay series on Leipzig photographer Edgar ...