With Ethernet LANs playing such a critical role in protection and control systems new standards such as IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol which are used to implement network redundancy and ring ...

The STP price has soared 12% in the last 24 hours to trade at $0.06631 as of 5 a.m. EST on a 675% pump in trading volume to ...

It covers key areas, including Layer 2 protocols (CDP and LLDP), VLANs, trunk configurations using 802.1Q, EtherChannel for link aggregation, and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) with its variations.

Recently, there has been a focus on scale-free synchronization where the protocol is designed without any prior information about the network. As long as the network contains a directed spanning tree, ...

Our protocol contains the following message types: ...

VLANs 10, 20, and 30 were created on Switch 1 (S1). VLANs 40, 50, and 60 were created on Switch 2 (S2). Interfaces were assigned to the respective VLANs, and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was ...

A transaction is in the null state until the initialization exchange is completed. In our model, this is the starting state for all transactions. A transaction which has been successfully initialized ...

Arduino library to transfer dynamic, packetized data fast and reliably via Serial, I2C, or SPI ...

Countries with commitments under the Kyoto Protocol to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions must meet their targets primarily through national measures. As an additional means of meeting these ...