To date, there have been no randomized trials studying the use of different antiplatelet therapies or anticoagulation against antiplatelet therapy in known cases of extracranial vertebral artery ...

Background The vertebral artery (VA) ostium (VAO) is a common stenosis site. Most patients with VAO stenosis refractory to medical treatment are treated endovascularly using stenting. To optimally ...

In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

Recently, a case of successful ultrasound guided direct vertebral artery access in a patient with basilar artery stroke was reported.17 In this case, femoral and radial access approaches were ...

If you’ve been dealing with leg fatigue or poor blood circulation, compression socks may help. By applying gentle pressure to your calves and ankles, compression socks help prevent fluid buildup ...

Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a clinicopathological condition where the left common iliac vein is compressed by the overlying right common iliac artery, potentially leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ...

Then gas embolus can reach the anterior spinal artery and coronary artery through the PFO (27). Assuming there is no right-to-left shunt, the venous gas embolus will lodge in the pulmonary vasculature ...

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is an important imaging method for the evaluation of cardiac structure and function, and it holds significant value in the clinical management of cardiovascular ...

Differential diagnosis of pain in the face as the presenting complaint can be difficult. We propose an approach based on history and neurological examination, which allows a working diagnosis to be ...