Activation of each muscle group causes a specific change in facial expression. For example, pain-related expressions often include furrowed brows, elevated cheeks, squinting, wrinkled nose and ...

Why it matters: University of Florida researchers have developed an AI system that can identify pain in goats by analyzing ...

If a mouse is in a lot of pain, an experienced handler may see it in the animal’s facial expression—its narrowed eyes and bulging cheeks. But, subtler facial expressions may be more difficult to match ...