While you don’t need topology to determine that you are living on something like a giant beach ball, knowing all the possible 2D spaces can be useful. Over a century ago, mathematicians figured ...

While you don't need topology to determine that you are living on something like a giant beach ball, knowing all the possible 2D spaces can be useful. Over a century ago, mathematicians figured ...

By integrating discrete topology with non-linear dynamics, the research highlights how topological signals, dynamical variables defined on nodes, edges, triangles, and other higher-order ...