The woman, who sought a tubal ligation during her third birth by cesarean section, now has an 8-year ... who do not want to undergo another major surgery, and it reduces the risk of complications ...

Risk factors include previous ectopic pregnancy, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal surgery, and cigarette smoking. The diagnosis is most commonly made by means of transvaginal ...

Compared to vasectomy, tubal ligation procedures are far more complex and are anywhere from two to six times more expensive, said lead author Jacqueline Ellison, Ph.D., M.P.H., assistant professor ...