One of us (PMAS) remembers his first chemistry lecture at high school in January 1959 when the focus was on the periodic table and he was told about core electrons and valence electrons, specifically ...

The periodic table of elements (often known simply as the periodic table) has been helping scientists with their work for a little over 150 years. The handy visual reference guide organizes known ...

Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W.Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada ...

There’s the pure mystery of how it happens: The phenomenon requires electrons, which carry electrical current, to pair up. Electrons repel each other, so how can they be united? Then there’s ...

Fusion energy has long been hailed as the “holy grail” of clean energy. However, the problem of runaway electrons has been a major hurdle in realizing the nuclear fusion process. The latest ...