In catabolism, fatty acids are metabolized to produce energy, mainly in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis, when they are completely oxidized to CO 2 and water by beta oxidation and the citric acid cycle. [2]

Fatty acids are transported into the matrix through carnitine acyltransferase I (CPTI) located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, along with carnitine acyltransferase II (CPTII) and carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Reaction module Reaction modules Carboxylic acid metabolism Fatty acid synthesis and degradation RM018Beta oxidation in acyl-CoA degradation RM020Fatty acid synthesis using acetyl-CoA (reversal of RM018)

2023年1月16日 · This metabolic pathway provides a large portion of the energy requirement of skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and kidneys when glycogen and gluconeogenic precursors become scarce. Thus, fatty acid oxidation provides an alternative mode of high-efficiency energy production while simultaneously sparing muscles from catabolic breakdown. [1]

Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.

Fatty acid metabolism is a two-carbon process: in the synthetic directions, two carbons are added at a time to a growing fatty acid chain, and in the degradative direction, two carbons are removed at a time. In each case, there is a four-step reaction cycle that gets repeated over and over.

The five pathways/cycles of lipid metabolism are: (1) Fatty Acid Oxidation (2) Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids (3) Metabolism of Cholesterol (4) Cholesterol Biosynthesis and (5) Degradation of Cholesterol. Lipids are indispensable for cell structure and function.

2022年12月19日 · Fatty acid metabolism includes the processes of either breaking down fatty acids to generate energy (catabolic) or creating fatty acids for storage or use (anabolic). Besides being a source of energy, fatty acids can also be utilized …

The metabolism of fatty acids involves several interconnected pathways, including fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation), fatty acid synthesis (lipogenesis), and the synthesis and degradation of complex lipids such as triglycerides and phospholipids.

2021年11月19日 · In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular...